Perekat Sosial Adat: Studi Komparatif Solidaritas Toraja dan Lamaholot di Tengah Arus Individualisme
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Abstract
Solidarity is a social value deeply rooted in Indonesian society and expressed through the spirit of mutual cooperation. This study examines social solidarity in the Toraja and Lamaholot communities through the ethical sayings Pada Rondong, Pada Lando and Bano Nao, Bano Ema. It investigates how these local maxims function as social cohesion in the face of modernization, which increasingly promotes individualism. The study aims to explore the philosophical meanings of these sayings, analyze their implementation in everyday social life, and compare the forms of solidarity embodied in the two cultures. A qualitative-comparative approach was employed, combining literature review and interviews to collect data. The findings reveal that the Toraja community expresses social solidarity through collective equality and mutual cooperation in customary ceremonies and communal activities. In contrast, the Lamaholot community emphasizes kinship and togetherness, symbolized by the expression “One Boat, One Oar,” which reflects collective responsibility for maintaining community unity. The study concludes that preserving local wisdom remains essential for strengthening social and cultural resilience amid the growing challenges of individualization.
Abstrak
Solidaritas merupakan nilai sosial yang hidup dalam masyarakat Indonesia dan terealisasi melalui semangat gotong royong. Penelitian ini menganalisis solidaritas sosial dalam masyarakat Toraja dan Lamaholot melalui petuah etis Pada Rondong, Pada Lando dan Bano Nao, Bano Ema. Permasalahan yang dikaji adalah peran petuah lokal sebagai perekat sosial di tengah modernisasi yang mendorong individualisme. Penelitian bertujuan memahami makna filosofis petuah, menganalisis implementasi solidaritas sosial dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, serta membandingkan bentuk solidaritas pada kedua budaya. Metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif-komparatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui studi literatur, studi pustaka, dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa masyarakat Toraja menghidupi solidaritas melalui kesetaraan kolektif dan gotong royong dalam berbagai upacara serta aktivitas adat. Sementara itu, masyarakat Lamaholot menekankan ikatan kekeluargaan dan kebersamaan yang disimbolkan dalam ungkapan Satu Perahu, Satu Dayung sebagai wujud kerja sama menjaga persatuan komunitas. Penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa pelestarian kearifan lokal tetap relevan sebagai fondasi untuk memperkuat ketahanan sosial dan budaya di tengah meningkatnya gejala individualisasi.
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